5-Amino-1MQ

5-Amino-1MQ Overview

5-Amino-1MQ (5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small, membrane-permeable molecule that functions as a highly selective inhibitor of the cytosolic enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). This enzyme is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism and is predominantly active in adipose (fat) and liver tissues. Research has identified a direct link between elevated NNMT levels and metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. By blocking NNMT activity, 5-Amino-1MQ effectively alters the cellular metabolic program, leading to a significant reduction in white adipose tissue mass, smaller fat cell size, and improved lipid profiles. Beyond metabolic health, 5-Amino-1MQ is being investigated for its ability to stimulate muscle stem cells (satellite cells), suggesting a dual role in weight management and regenerative medicine for muscle wasting conditions.

5-Amino-1MQ Structure

Molecular Formula: C10H11N2

Molecular Weight: 159.21 grams per mole

Source: PubChem

Structure Solution Formula:

To achieve a concentration of 50 milligrams per milliliter, dissolve the 5-Amino-1MQ powder in 100 percent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Ensure the solution is stirred until clear. This compound is generally not soluble in standard aqueous buffers without the use of a co-solvent.

5-Amino-1MQ Research

Obesity

Obesity remains a primary global health challenge, characterized by a fundamental imbalance in energy homeostasis. Scientific investigation into metabolic pathways has revealed that high expression of the NNMT enzyme is a hallmark of insulin resistance and excessive fat storage. In animal models, the interaction between NNMT and the glucose transporter GLUT4 is critical. Mice with high levels of GLUT4 typically remain lean and maintain high insulin sensitivity. Conversely, those with obesity and diabetes show high NNMT activity and low GLUT4 expression, leading to profound metabolic dysfunction.

Studies indicate that inhibiting NNMT using 5-Amino-1MQ restores the balance of NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) within cells. This increase in NAD+ availability promotes the upregulation of GLUT4, which enhances the body's ability to process glucose efficiently. Research subjects treated with NNMT inhibitors showed a 30 percent reduction in fat mass over a short duration without any change in food intake. This suggests that 5-Amino-1MQ shifts the body from energy storage to energy expenditure, improving plasma cholesterol and glucose markers significantly.

Metabolic Marker

Impact of 5-Amino-1MQ Treatment

NNMT Enzyme Activity

Significant Inhibition

Intracellular NAD+ Levels

Increased

White Adipose Tissue (WAT)

Decreased Volume

Insulin Sensitivity

Improved

Muscle Protein Synthesis

Enhanced

5-Amino-1MQ and Muscle Function

The influence of 5-Amino-1MQ on skeletal muscle is multifaceted and highly promising. Inhibiting NNMT in muscle tissue promotes the generation of new mitochondria—the energy-producing units of the cell. In studies involving aging or diabetic rodents, treatment with 5-Amino-1MQ led to a 70 percent increase in muscle protein synthesis and improved contractile force. These effects were observed within days of administration, suggesting that the compound can rapidly activate muscle growth proteins and reduce the activity of muscle-wasting markers like ubiquitin ligase MuRF1. This makes it a primary candidate for treating sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy.

A Possible Role for 5-Amino-1MQ in Cognition

Emerging research suggests that NNMT inhibition may protect cognitive function. Because NNMT activity depletes cellular NAD+, its over-expression can lead to energy failures in the brain. This energy depletion is linked to reduced neurogenesis (the birth of new neurons) and weakened synaptic connections. By restoring NAD+ levels, 5-Amino-1MQ may support the health of the neuromuscular junction and improve overall neuronal energy activity. While human-specific cognitive trials are ongoing, the molecular mechanism suggests a neuroprotective effect that could combat age-related cognitive decline.

5-Amino-1MQ Summary

5-Amino-1MQ represents a significant advancement in the study of metabolic and regenerative medicine. By selectively targeting the NNMT enzyme, it addresses the root causes of obesity and muscle wasting. Research demonstrates its efficacy in reducing fat mass, improving insulin signaling, and enhancing muscle repair. It is a versatile compound with the potential to transform the treatment landscape for metabolic syndrome and age-related physical decline.