Semax

Semax Overview

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from a specific fragment of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, specifically the ACTH 4-10 segment. It was originally engineered to preserve the potent neuroactive benefits of the natural hormone while completely eliminating its systemic hormonal activity. Unlike endogenous ACTH, Semax does not stimulate the adrenal cortex or trigger the secretion of corticosteroids.

Instead, Semax operates as a regulatory neuropeptide within the central nervous system. It is widely recognized in research for its potential as a cognitive enhancer, neuroprotectant, and restorative agent. Scientific investigations primarily focus on how Semax influences neural function, memory consolidation, and the body’s adaptive response to environmental stressors.

Originally developed and utilized extensively in Russia, Semax has been studied for its application in treating acute conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, as well as chronic issues like cognitive decline and optic nerve inflammation. Research suggests that Semax functions by elevating levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and modulating the concentration of key neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine, which are vital for mood regulation and mental clarity.

Semax Structure

The molecular architecture of Semax is designed for stability and targeted biological activity. It is a modified peptide chain that consists of seven amino acids. The sequence is specifically structured to prevent rapid enzymatic breakdown, allowing it to remain active within the system longer than the original ACTH fragment.

Structure Solution Formula:

Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro

Molecular Profile Table

Property

Details

Amino Acid Count

7 (Heptapeptide)

Molecular Formula

C37H51N9O10S

Sequence

L-Methionyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-glycyl-L-proline

Primary Mechanism

BDNF Modulation and Melanocortin Signaling

Source

Synthetic ACTH 4-10 Derivative

Semax Research

Semax and Resting Brain Function

Modern neuroscience utilizes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe how Semax influences the brain’s Default Mode Network (DMN). The DMN is a series of interconnected brain regions that are most active when a person is at rest rather than focused on a specific external task. This network is essential for social cognition, self-referential thought, and environmental awareness.

Research indicates that Semax enhances DMN activity, which may result in heightened arousal and better monitoring of social and environmental cues even during "downtime." By strengthening the connections within this network, Semax may help the brain transition more efficiently from a resting state to a state of high-focus attention. Disruptions in the DMN are often linked to neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting that Semax’s ability to stabilize this network has significant implications for long-term cognitive health.

Semax in Stroke Recovery and Neuroprotection

In clinical settings, Semax is often investigated for its role in treating cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. Animal models have demonstrated that the peptide activates molecular pathways responsible for gene transcription in the central nervous system. Specifically, it influences the expression of 24 different genes related to vascular health. These genes regulate critical processes such as the formation of new blood vessels and the migration of smooth muscle cells.

By stabilizing mitochondrial function, Semax helps maintain cellular energy production even when oxygen levels are low. This neuroprotective quality ensures that neurons remain viable during a stroke or injury. Clinical studies have shown that early administration of Semax can accelerate the recovery of motor functions and improve the overall functional outcomes for patients undergoing rehabilitation.

Semax and Gene Expression

The impact of Semax on the brain is rapid and profound. Studies in healthy subjects have shown that a single intranasal administration can alter gene expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex within 20 minutes. These regions are the control centers for memory, planning, and executive function. The most significant changes occur in the genes responsible for Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), both of which are critical for "neuroplasticity"—the brain's ability to heal and grow new connections.

Semax and Cognitive Performance

Semax is frequently categorized as a nootropic because of its ability to enhance learning and memory retention. While its parent hormone, ACTH, has been used to prevent cognitive regression in seizure disorders, Semax provides a more potent and targeted alternative. Research suggests that even at low doses, Semax may protect against cognitive deficits and improve the efficiency of information processing, making it a primary subject of study for enhancing human performance and focus.

Semax and Mood Regulation

Emerging research suggests that Semax may offer antidepressant and anti-anxiety benefits. While traditional SSRIs focus on serotonin, Semax’s ability to rapidly boost BDNF levels provides a different pathway for mood stabilization. Scientists believe that combining BDNF enhancers with traditional treatments could lead to faster recovery times for individuals suffering from depression, as BDNF is essential for repairing the neural circuits damaged by chronic stress.

Article Author

Dr. Maria V. Korolenko, Ph.D.

Dr. Korolenko is a distinguished biomedical researcher and scientific writer specializing in neuropharmacology and peptide science. She holds a doctorate in molecular biology and has completed extensive postgraduate research in neurochemistry. Her expertise lies in the study of neuropeptide activity and synaptic regulation, specifically focusing on how synthetic compounds can be used to treat neurodegenerative conditions and enhance cognitive resilience.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Nikolai Fedorovich Myasoedov

Dr. Myasoedov is a prominent biochemist at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences. He is internationally recognized for his pioneering work on regulatory peptides, including the development of Semax and Selank. His research has been instrumental in understanding neurotrophic signaling and the mechanisms of neuroprotection. He has authored over 100 peer-reviewed publications and holds numerous patents in the field of peptide synthesis.

Reference Citations

1. Ashmarin, I.P., et al. (1997). Semax: biological activity and clinical application. Biochemistry (Moscow).
2. Myasoedov, N.F., et al. (2002). Semax, a synthetic analog of ACTH (4-10), as a new class of neuroprotective peptides. Pathophysiology.
3. Andreeva, L.A., et al. (2000). Semax regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology.
4. Ashmarin, I.P., & Kamensky, A.A. (1999). Semax and its cognitive effects in animal models. Journal of Neurochemistry.
5. Dolotov, O.V., et al. (2006). Effects of Semax on dopamine and serotonin turnover. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology.
6. Andreeva, L.A., et al. (2001). Neuroprotective properties of Semax in ischemia models. Neuroscience Research.
7. Ashmarin, I.P., et al. (2005). Semax as a regulator of stress-induced gene expression. Biochemistry (Moscow).
8. Inozemtseva, L.S., et al. (2015). Clinical application of Semax in cognitive impairment. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii.
9. Dolotov, O.V., et al. (2011). Semax effects on neurotrophin signaling. Neuroscience Letters.
10. Myasoedov, N.F. (2018). Peptide regulation of cognitive processes: focus on Semax. Neurochemical Journal.

Storage

Storage Instructions

All peptide products are manufactured using a specialized lyophilization (freeze-drying) process. This method removes moisture while the product is frozen under a vacuum, resulting in a stable, crystalline powder. In this lyophilized state, the peptide is highly resistant to temperature fluctuations and can remain stable during shipping for 3 to 4 months.

Once the peptide is reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, it becomes much more fragile. Reconstituted Semax must be stored in a refrigerator at temperatures between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius (36 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit). Under these conditions, the solution remains effective for approximately 30 days.

Long-Term Preservation

For researchers looking to store the product for several months or years, the lyophilized powder should be kept in a professional-grade freezer at -80 degrees Celsius (-112 degrees Fahrenheit). This prevents any structural degradation and ensures the peptide maintains its full potency for the duration of the study.

Preventing Degradation and Contamination

Peptides are sensitive to environmental factors including light, air, and moisture.

• Temperature Stability: Avoid "frost-free" freezers, as their internal temperature cycles can cause micro-thawing, which damages the peptide bonds.
• Moisture Control: Before opening a cold vial, always allow it to reach room temperature. This prevents atmospheric moisture from condensing inside the vial and causing hydrolyzed degradation.
• Oxidation: Minimize the amount of time the vial remains open. For peptides containing sensitive amino acids like Methionine (found in Semax), exposure to oxygen can lead to oxidation.
• Aliquoting: To maximize shelf life, it is recommended to divide the peptide into smaller portions (aliquots) so that only the amount needed for a single session is thawed or reconstituted at one time.

Storage Containers

Peptides should be stored in high-quality, chemically inert containers. While plastic (polypropylene) is often used for shipping because it is shatterproof, borosilicate glass vials are the gold standard for long-term laboratory storage due to their superior resistance to chemical leaching and air permeability.

General Peptide Storage Checklist

• Store in a cool, dry, and dark location at all times.
• Keep in lyophilized form for as long as possible; only reconstitute when ready for use.
• Protect the vial from direct UV light exposure.
• Avoid repeated freezing and thawing cycles.
• Ensure all seals are airtight to prevent the introduction of contaminants.