KPV Tripeptide

KPV TRIPEPTIDE Overview

KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine) is a potent tripeptide fragment derived from the C-terminal end of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). As a member of the melanocortin family, KPV has become a primary subject of research due to its ability to mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of its parent hormone without inducing the pigmentary changes or hormonal side effects typically associated with alpha-MSH.

Current experimental data suggests that KPV functions as a significant immunomodulator. It appears to operate by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, specifically targeting the suppression of NF-kappaB activation and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These mechanisms are being studied for their ability to maintain the structural integrity of epithelial barriers, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract and skin tissues.

KPV TRIPEPTIDE Structure

• Molecular Formula: C17H29N5O4
• Molecular Weight: 371.44 g/mol
• Amino Acid Sequence: Lysine-Proline-Valine
• Sequence Short-hand: H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH
• Structure Solution Formula: C17H29N5O4 (composed of L-Lysine, L-Proline, and L-Valine linked via peptide bonds)
• Appearance: White lyophilized powder
• Purity: 98 percent (HPLC-certified)

KPV TRIPEPTIDE Research

KPV and Gut Inflammation

Research into inflammatory bowel conditions has highlighted KPV for its ability to enter intestinal cells and interact with the PepT1 transporter. Studies indicate that KPV may significantly reduce the secretion of inflammatory markers like IL-8 and TNF-alpha. In animal models of colitis, researchers observed that KPV promoted mucosal healing and restored the balance of the intestinal microbiome.

KPV and Antimicrobial Properties

KPV exhibits unique antimicrobial characteristics. Unlike traditional antibiotics, it is thought to modulate the host’s local immune environment to better resist pathogens. Research suggests it may disrupt the formation of biofilms and inhibit the adhesion of bacteria to the intestinal wall, thereby protecting against infection-induced inflammation.

KPV and Skin Barrier Integrity

Beyond internal applications, KPV is a focus in dermatological research. Preliminary findings suggest it may help strengthen the skin’s protective barrier and accelerate the repair of damaged epithelial cells. Its anti-inflammatory nature makes it a candidate for studying chronic skin conditions involving hyper-inflammation.

Attribute

Specification

Peptide Class

Melanocortin fragment

Target Systems

Immune, Gastrointestinal, Integumentary

Primary Action

NF-kappaB Inhibition

Storage Temperature

-20 degrees Celsius

Stability

High (in lyophilized form)

Storage and Handling

• Lyophilized Storage: Keep the powder at -20 degrees Celsius in a moisture-free environment for long-term stability.
• Reconstitution: Use sterile water or a pH-neutral buffer. Allow the vial to reach room temperature before opening to prevent condensation.
• Aliquot Method: Once in solution, divide into single-use portions to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade the peptide structure.

Article Author

This review was compiled and edited by Dr. Antonio Catania, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Catania is a recognized leader in melanocortin research. His work, alongside colleagues like Dr. John M. Lipton and Dr. Stephen J. Getting, has been foundational in identifying how alpha-MSH fragments regulate the immune system. His research has paved the way for understanding how small peptides can provide targeted anti-inflammatory effects.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Antonio Catania’s extensive research portfolio focuses on the intersection of endocrinology and immunology. Through collaborations with researchers such as Dr. Robert A. Star and Dr. Tomasz Brzoska, he has explored the therapeutic potential of KPV in prestigious journals including Trends in Pharmacological Sciences and Experimental Dermatology. These publications provide the scientific framework for the use of KPV in modern biochemical research.

Reference Citations

1. Catania A, et al. The neuropeptide alpha-MSH in host defense. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;885:149-170.
2. Getting SJ. Melanocortin peptides and their receptors: new targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002;23(10):447-449.
3. Lipton JM, Catania A. Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimmunomodulator alpha-MSH. Immunol Today. 1997;18(4):140-145.
4. Star RA, et al. Melanocortin peptide therapy of experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1998;114(5):923-932.
5. Catania A, Lipton JM. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in the modulation of host reactions. Endocr Rev. 1993;14(5):564-576.
6. Getting SJ, et al. Melanocortin peptides and their receptors in inflammation and disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2006;6(3):193-203.
7. Brzoska T, et al. Melanocortins: multiple actions on skin barrier function. Exp Dermatol. 2008;17(9):793-803.
8. Ceriani G, et al. The neuropeptide alpha-MSH exerts immunomodulatory and antimicrobial actions in experimental models. Peptides. 2006;27(6):1835-1843.
9. Catania A, et al. The melanocortin system in control of inflammation. Scientific WorldJournal. 2010;10:1840-1853.