L-Carnitine

L-Carnitine Solution Overview

L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound essential for energy metabolism. It serves as the primary shuttle for long-chain fatty acids, transporting them into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. This process is the foundational mechanism for generating Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the chemical energy currency of the cell.

While the body can synthesize L-Carnitine from the amino acids lysine and methionine, research focuses on the implications of exogenous application in metabolic research. Its role is most critical in tissues with high oxidative demands, such as the heart and skeletal muscles. Beyond energy production, it acts as a metabolic buffer, helping to manage acyl-CoA levels and protecting cellular structures from oxidative damage.

L-Carnitine Solution Structure

• Molecular Formula: C7H15NO3
• Molecular Weight: 161.2 g/mol
• Chemical Name: 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
• Structure Solution Formula: (CH3)3N+CH2CH(OH)CH2COO-
• Concentration: 60mg/ml (600mg total in 10ml vial)
• Other Known Titles: Levocarnitine, Vitamin BT, L-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate

Property

Specification

Physical Form

Liquid Solution / Reconstituted

Purity

99% Plus

Primary Function

Fatty Acid Transport

Storage Temperature

2 to 8 degrees Celsius (Short term)

Research Use

Metabolic & Mitochondrial Studies

L-Carnitine Solution Research

Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism

L-Carnitine facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is a rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation. In research models, L-Carnitine availability directly correlates with the efficiency of energy expenditure and the prevention of lipid accumulation within the cytoplasm.

Cardiovascular and Muscle Physiology

In cardiac research, L-Carnitine is studied for its ability to support myocardial energy supply and its protective effects against ischemic stress. In skeletal muscle models, it has been shown to reduce the accumulation of lactic acid and markers of muscle damage following intensive physical exertion.

Neuroprotection and Metabolic Health

Experimental data suggests L-Carnitine and its derivatives may cross the blood-brain barrier to provide neuroprotective support. Furthermore, studies into insulin sensitivity indicate that optimizing fatty acid oxidation may help improve glucose uptake and overall metabolic resilience.

Article Author

This literature review was compiled, edited, and organized by Dr. Charles J. Rebouche, Ph.D. Dr. Rebouche is a distinguished biochemist recognized for his extensive work on carnitine metabolism and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. His research has been instrumental in defining the biochemical pathways and physiological mechanisms underlying carnitine regulation across mammalian systems.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Charles J. Rebouche has conducted comprehensive research on carnitine metabolism, contributing significantly to the understanding of metabolic homeostasis. His findings, alongside collaborators such as H. Seim and J. Bremer, provide key insights into L-Carnitine’s essential role in mitochondrial transport. This citation recognizes scientific contribution and does not imply an endorsement of this product.

Reference Citations

1. Rebouche CJ, Seim H. Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals. Annu Rev Nutr. 1998;18:39-61.
2. Bremer J. Carnitine - metabolism and functions. Physiol Rev. 1983;63(4):1420-1480.
3. Stanley CA. Carnitine deficiency disorders in children. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2004;1033:42-51.
4. Brass EP. Pharmacokinetic considerations for carnitine supplementation. Clin Ther. 1995;17(5):800-810.
5. Calabrese V, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine and neuroprotection. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006;127(6):492-504.
6. Mingorance C, et al. Role of carnitine in exercise and energy metabolism. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(1):13-21.
7. Arduini A, et al. L-Carnitine and protection against oxidative stress in heart and skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44(8):1385-1394.
8. Malaguarnera M. Carnitine derivatives: clinical relevance and pharmacological properties. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2084.
9. Longo N, et al. Primary and secondary carnitine deficiency syndromes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006;142C(2):77-85.
10. Pignatti C, et al. Role of carnitine in human nutrition and metabolism. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):228.

Storage

Storage Instructions

All products are produced through a lyophilization process to ensure maximum stability. Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, the solution must be refrigerated at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius (36 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit). Reconstituted peptides are generally stable for up to 30 days.

Long-Term Preservation

For storage exceeding several months, lyophilized powder should be kept at -20 degrees Celsius or -80 degrees Celsius to prevent structural degradation. Avoid frequent freeze-thaw cycles and exposure to light. Always allow vials to reach room temperature before opening to prevent moisture condensation.