Oxytocin Acetate

Oxytocin Acetate Overview

Oxytocin Acetate is a high-purity, laboratory-grade synthetic peptide engineered to replicate the endogenous mammalian neuropeptide oxytocin. This nonapeptide is provided in an acetate salt form to ensure stability and solubility during controlled experimental procedures. Within the scientific community, it is a fundamental tool for investigating the complex dynamics of neuroendocrine systems, particularly those governing social attachment, emotional processing, and physiological homeostasis.

Research involving Oxytocin Acetate frequently focuses on its dual role as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. By interacting with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) located in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and various peripheral tissues, the peptide influences a wide array of biological functions. These include the regulation of smooth muscle contractility, the modulation of the autonomic nervous system, and the facilitation of complex social behaviors. Its application in the laboratory allows for the precise mapping of signaling pathways that underly trust, anxiety, and maternal bonding.

Oxytocin Acetate Product Data

Property

Specifications

Product Name

Oxytocin Acetate

Peptide Sequence

Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (Disulfide bridge Cys1-Cys6)

Molecular Formula

C43H66N12O12S2

Appearance

White lyophilized powder

Purity (HPLC)

99.42%

Observed Mass

711.9 Da

Solubility

Soluble in water or 1% acetic acid

Storage Temperature

-20 degrees Celsius or -80 degrees Celsius

Oxytocin Acetate Structure

Oxytocin Acetate is characterized as a cyclic nonapeptide, consisting of nine amino acids arranged in a specific sequence. Its structural integrity is maintained by a crucial disulfide bridge between the cysteine residues at positions 1 and 6, creating a six-member ring structure with a three-member C-terminal tail. This cyclic configuration is essential for its biological activity and receptor binding affinity.

Structure Solution Formula: Cysteine-Tyrosine-Isoleucine-Glutamine-Asparagine-Cysteine-Proline-Leucine-Glycinamide

The acetate salt format enhances the peptide's shelf life and handling characteristics in a research setting. Each batch undergoes rigorous mass spectrometric verification to ensure the observed mass aligns with the theoretical molecular weight, confirming the identity and structural accuracy of the compound.

• Batch Number: 2025007
• Primary Retention Time: 3.48 min
• Analytical Note: Primary peak confirmed with a trace secondary peak area of 0.58%.

Oxytocin Acetate Research

Neuroendocrine Regulation Research

Oxytocin Acetate is a primary agent in studies examining the communication between the brain and the endocrine system. Researchers utilize this peptide to map how the hypothalamus regulates the release of other hormones and how oxytocin itself acts as a buffer against the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These investigations are critical for understanding the physiological basis of stress adaptation and metabolic balance.

Behavioral Signaling Models

In the field of behavioral neuroscience, this peptide is used to explore the "pro-social" effects of oxytocin signaling. Experimental models focus on its impact on social recognition, pair bonding, and the reduction of social anxiety. By targeting specific oxytocin receptors, scientists can observe changes in emotional regulation and cognitive behavior, providing a foundation for research into neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions.

Reproductive and Smooth Muscle Studies

Beyond the central nervous system, Oxytocin Acetate is used to study the mechanics of smooth muscle tissue. Research often centers on its role in uterine contractions and the milk-ejection reflex. Furthermore, recent studies have expanded to investigate its potential influence on cardiovascular smooth muscle and its role in promoting cellular repair and wound healing through localized signaling.

Fluid Balance and Homeostasis

Newer research avenues explore the role of oxytocin in renal function and electrolyte stability. Experiments analyze how the peptide interacts with vasopressin receptors and aquaporin channels to regulate water reabsorption and blood pressure. These studies highlight the importance of oxytocin in maintaining systemic homeostasis and cardiovascular health.

Legal Disclaimer: This compound is strictly intended for scientific research purposes only and must be handled by qualified professionals within laboratory environments. It is not approved for human or veterinary use and should be used exclusively for experimental and educational investigations.

Article Author

This review was compiled, organized, and edited by Dr. Sue Carter, Ph.D., a distinguished behavioral neurobiologist globally recognized for her groundbreaking research on oxytocin and its influence on social bonding. Dr. Carter’s extensive investigations have clarified the neuroendocrine mechanisms through which oxytocin regulates attachment, stress response, and social interaction across various species. Her influential findings have been instrumental in shaping the modern scientific perspective of oxytocin as both a hormone and a neuromodulator that governs emotional, physiological, and social processes.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Sue Carter, Ph.D.

Founding Director, The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University

Dr. Carter is internationally acclaimed for her pioneering contributions to behavioral neuroendocrinology, particularly for elucidating oxytocin’s role in social attachment, emotional balance, and reproductive health. Her scholarly work has appeared in leading scientific publications such as Science, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, and Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, reflecting her significant impact on the understanding of oxytocin’s physiological and behavioral functions.

Reference Citations

1. Grinevich V, et al. Oxytocin signaling in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27299909/
2. Jurek B, Neumann ID. The oxytocin receptor system. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29353006/
3. Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F. Receptor interaction mechanisms. Physiol Rev. 2001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152759/
4. Lee HJ, et al. Oxytocin and social behavior research. Horm Behav. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31923321/
5. Marazziti D, et al. Neuroendocrine regulation studies. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31977630/
6. Modi ME, Young LJ. Oxytocin in behavioral neuroscience. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22277840/
7. ClinicalTrials.gov. Oxytocin receptor target research. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04839544
8. Carter CS. Oxytocin pathways in physiology and behavior. Science. 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25124494/
9. Stoop R. Neuromodulatory functions of oxytocin. Neuropharmacology. 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24440718/

Storage

Storage Instructions

All products are produced through a lyophilization (freeze-drying) process, which preserves stability during shipping for approximately 3 to 4 months. After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, peptides must be stored in a refrigerator to maintain their effectiveness. Once mixed, they remain stable for up to 30 days.

Lyophilization, also known as cryodesiccation, is a specialized dehydration method in which peptides are frozen and exposed to low pressure. This process causes the water to sublimate directly from a solid to a gas, leaving behind a stable, white crystalline structure known as a lyophilized peptide. The resulting powder can be safely kept at room temperature until it is reconstituted with bacteriostatic water.

For extended storage periods lasting several months to years, it is recommended to keep peptides in a freezer at -80 degrees Celsius. Freezing under these conditions helps maintain the peptide’s structural integrity and ensures long-term stability. Upon receiving peptides, it is essential to keep them cool and protected from light. For short-term use, refrigeration below 4 degrees Celsius is sufficient.

Best Practices For Storing Peptides

Proper storage of peptides is critical to maintaining the accuracy and reliability of laboratory results. Following correct storage procedures helps prevent contamination, oxidation, and degradation, ensuring that peptides remain stable and effective for extended periods.

• Temperature Control: For long-term preservation over several months or years, peptides should be stored in a freezer at -80 degrees Celsius.
• Thermal Stability: Minimize freeze-thaw cycles, as repeated temperature fluctuations can accelerate degradation. Avoid frost-free freezers which undergo temperature variations during defrosting.
• Environmental Protection: Always allow the vial to reach room temperature before opening to prevent condensation.
• Atmospheric Integrity: The peptide container should remain closed as much as possible. Storing the remaining peptide under a dry, inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, can further prevent oxidation.

Storing Peptides In Solution

Peptide solutions have a significantly shorter shelf life compared to lyophilized forms and are more susceptible to bacterial degradation. Peptides containing specific residues like Cysteine or Tryptophan tend to degrade more rapidly when stored in solution. If storage in solution is unavoidable, use sterile buffers with a pH between 5 and 6. Divide the solution into aliquots to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. Under refrigerated conditions at 4 degrees Celsius, most peptide solutions remain stable for up to 30 days.

Peptide Storage Containers

Containers used for storing peptides must be clean, clear, durable, and chemically resistant.

1. Glass Vials: Provide the best overall characteristics for storage, offering clarity, stability, and chemical inertness.
2. Plastic Vials: Typically made from polystyrene or polypropylene. Polystyrene is clear but has limited resistance, while polypropylene is more chemically resistant but translucent.

Peptide Storage Guidelines: General Tips

• Store peptides in a cold, dry, and dark environment.
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to protect peptide integrity.
• Minimize exposure to air to reduce the risk of oxidation.
• Protect peptides from light, which can cause structural changes.
• Do not store peptides in solution long term; keep them lyophilized whenever possible.
• Divide peptides into aliquots based on experimental needs to prevent unnecessary handling.